En el mes de Marzo, muchos países Latinoamericanos comienza un nuevo año escolar. Muchos miedos y preguntas de parte de padres primerizos con niños dentro del espectro por todo lo que hemos escuchados y leído en las noticias de casos de maltratos, niños encerrados, burlados etc. Por eso es muy importante elegir el centro de estudios correcto. No hay muchas posibilidades de elección en Latinoamérica, pero si existen centros y colegios que aceptan niños con condiciones neurológicas, pero CUIDADO!, una cosa es que los acepten y otra muy distinta es que cuenten con el personal adecuado para el cuido y enseñanza de los niños. Debes tener en cuenta la historia, estudios y reconocimientos del establecimiento y del programa especial que avala la enseñanza y certificación, además de cada profesor y/o terapeuta que vaya a estar en contacto con tu hijo.
La escuela puede contribuir mucho al desarrollo y adaptabilidad social de nuestros hijos cuando todo funciona armoniosamente, pero puede resultar un ambiente tenso, con exceso de estímulos y provocador de conductas disruptivas si esa armonía no está presente. Los padres de niños con autismo deben tener en cuenta que no se trata solamente de llevarlos y dejarlos, se trata de llevarlos a un lugar en el que esperamos sean felices y aprendan.
COMUNICACIÓN CON EL EQUIPO DOCENTE
La comunicación fluida y cordial con el equipo docente (directores y profesores) es fundamental. Antes de entrar a clases es necesario reunirse con sus profesores y el equipo de orientación, para saber el plan general que se tiene para nuestro hijo: si es de inclusión o si es integración, trabajo individual y si se usara un entorno diferente de su aula en algunas cuestiones específicas.
Todo eso tiene que quedar definido en un proyecto general para el ciclo escolar, sabiendo que puede experimentarse modificaciones, dependiendo de las necesidades particulares que se presenten y de los informes más recientes por los profesionales que están involucrados en su tratamientos y terapias.
También es importante definir si se integrará al grupo con el horario de clases completo desde el inicio o será de forma gradual.
En esta reunión con el equipo pedagógico debe comentarse todas las cosas que son relevantes y necesarias sobre tu hijo:
- Qué cosas le llaman la atención y cuáles no
- Cómo mantener o recuperar su atención
- Qué situaciones le pueden desorganizar conductualmente y cómo recuperarlo
- Qué puede comer y qué no
- Problemas de salud asociados
- Exponer sus áreas de fortalezas y áreas que requieren apoyo, un resumen del ciclo escolar anterior es muy valioso
- Que le gusta
- Que lo tranquiliza
Este es el momento de definir si es necesario que esté acompañado de una “Maestra Sombra” o terapeuta de comportamiento.
Tu hijo necesitará una “Agenda Visual” en el salón. Esto es un registro gráfico que permite estructurar las actividades del día a través de imágenes que se presentan de manera ordenada, tal y como va pasando el día.
No te olvides de evaluar la señalización del colegio:
-Rutas de evacuación
-Señalización de baños
-Señalización de otras áreas (patio de recreo, biblioteca, etc.)
-Identificadores en el salon
Si tu hijo puede hacer un recorrido de reconocimiento, antes que inicien las clases, de su salón se sentirá más cómodo y mejor ubicado.
PREPARA A TU HIJO PARA EL REGRESO
Tanto la escuela y profesores deben prepararse para recibir a nuestros hijos con autismo, independientemente de su nivel adaptativo y desempeño académico. Pero nosotros también debemos ayudar a nuestros hijos a estar listos:
Comenzar a hablar de la escuela.
Hacer juegos sobre la escuela a través de libros, imágenes o juguetes.
Comenzar a adaptar al horario de dormirse y despertarse en caso que hubiese cambiado durante las vacaciones.
PUNTOS IMPORTANTES A TENER EN CUENTA EN CASA
Horarios
Establecer la rutina y horarios. Algunas veces es conveniente hacer cambios en esta rutina, anunciándolos con anticipación para que sean asimilados.Sobretodo los de acostarse y levantarse, teniendo en cuenta el tiempo para arreglarse, desayunar y relajarse antes de salir hacia la escuela.
Alimentación
Todos los escolares necesitan cuidar, con esmero, el desayuno. Este es el tiempo de comida más importante del día y debe proveer alrededor del 25% de los requerimientos nutricionales y calóricos diarios. No podemos enviar a nuestros hijos a la escuela con un mal desayuno mucho menos sin desayunar.
Tiempo de sueño
El sueño es muy importante porque permite el descanso físico
Durante el sueño se consolida la memoria; Ocurren muchos fenómenos de neurorreparación. La falta de sueño contribuye al deterioro en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, en el aprendizaje y en la conducta.
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